Using feline calicivirus (FCV) as the study system, plaque size mutants or variants were studied. Changes/Problems: The project timeline has been slowed for two reasons. First, because previously generated plaque variants were no longer "pure", it was/is necessary to regenerate the variants. There is no evidence that other cat coronaviruses such as the Feline coronavirus UU21, or Feline infectious peritonitis virus, can infect humans or cause any cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2. The caliciviruses, family Caliciviridae, include important pathogens of humans and animals. The goal of this research is to better understand the role of evolution, through genomic mutation, involved in the pathogenesis and virulence of RNA viruses. Vertebrates serve as the natural host. FCV can be isolated from about 50% of cats with upper respiratory infections. All viruses in this family possess a nonsegmented, polyadenylated, positive-sense, single-strand RNA genome around 7.5–8.5 kilobases in length, enclosed in an icosahedral capsid of 27–40 nanometers in diameter. Feline calicivirus (the only member of the group with a seemingly ubiquitous and continuous terrestrial presence) also appears to have ocean reservoirs . Nothing Reported The Caliciviridae family comprises positive-sense RNA viruses of medical and veterinary significance. DOI: 10.3201/eid1512.e11512. The name calicivirus is derived from the Greek word calyx meaning cup or goblet, due to many strains having visible cup-shaped depressions. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The first mouse norovirus, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), was discovered in 2003. ImpactsWhat was accomplished under these goals? What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Top. The feline calicivirus (FCV) is one of several viruses that can cause upper respiratory infections in cats. The caliciviruses have a simple construction and are not enveloped. 7 Coyne KP, Jones BR, Kipar A, Chantrey J, Porter CJ, Barber PJ, et al. Nothing Reported One type is injected; the other is given as drops in the nose. Preliminary analysis of the replication using routine cell culture growth curves of the FCV mutants in CRFK cells confirmed previous studies showing faster replication rates in larger (greater than 5mm diameter) plaque variants when compared to small plaque variants (less than 1 mm in diameter). J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12: 314–321. Feline calicivirus is resistant to many disinfectants and can survive outside a cat’s body for several days. These issues haven't resulted in a change in approach, but a change timeline only. And it is the same coronavirus that infects people. Sources: Mahy BWJ. Pet owners should always bring their cat to see the veterinarian if it shows signs of respiratory disease. The vesiviruses include feline calicivirus … Nothing Reported Caliciviruses naturally infect vertebrates, and have be… What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Lethal outbreak of disease associated with feline calicivirus infection in cats.Vet Rec 2006; 158: 544–550. Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an agent that causes upper respiratory disease in cats. Nothing Reported Plaque purification, along with generation of additional mutants, will continue following the PI's 2015 sabbatical. The PI is on sabbatical leave during 2015, but upon his return in January of 2016 will begin analysis of the plaque variants' replication characteristics and gene expression. Feline pneumonitis (Chlamydia psittaci) and mycoplasmal Published genomic sequences of feline calicivirus (FCV), and other caliciviruses, were and are being analyzed using for sequence and potential functional differences. The bacterial species Chlamydia felis and Mycoplasma felis also cause respiratory disease, and may complicate FCV infections. The principal diseases, feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR; feline herpesvirus type 1), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydia felis, Mycoplasma felis, or combinations of these infections, affect exotic as well as domestic species. Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a virus that infects domestic cats, causing a range of flu-like symptoms. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? FCV-genomic and mRNA samples have been collected and will be sequenced during the next reporting period. Nothing Reported Calicivirus, includes Norovirus, is an RNA virus that is one of the principal causes of foodborne diseases, which result in stomach ache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, and mild fever. Nothing Reported Cats can easily transmit URIs, like calicivirus. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Approximately 10% of cats housed in small groups are infected, while up to 90% of those housed in more crowded conditions, such as in shelters and breeding catteries, may be infected. [1] Thirteen species are placed in this family, divided among eleven genera. A veterinarian will examine t… Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediate endocytosis. The initial sequence efforts were unsuccessful; however, new samples have been generated and are currently being sequenced. Feline Calicivirus Disease Overview Calicivirus is a common virus in cats that causes upper respiratory infection. Positive-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Since then, numerous murine norovirus strains have been identified and they were assigned a new genogroup in the genus Norovirus. Most calicivirus infections do not call for medical attention, but those who are immunocompromised may need to be hospitalized for rehydration therapy. FCV mutants analysis will continue using 1) genomic and mRNA sequence analysis of large- and small-plaque variants collected during growth studies in CRFK cells, and 2) continued comparison of replication rates and efficiencies in CRFK cells using cell culture-based techniques and RT-PCR of mRNA expression. In addition, FCV has been passaged in non-feline cell cultures (canine and primate cells) to generate culture-specific strains of virus. The virus is able to mutate/change over time (similar to human flu virus) which is why cats that have recovered from calicivirus or are vaccinated may still get mild symptoms if they are re-infected with a new strain. Changes/Problems:The P.I. It’s very common in cats and kittens and is usually caused by either the feline herpes virus (FHV) or feline calicivirus (FCV). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three undergraduate students, Microbiology majors, starting working on this project in August of 2018 and are continuing through the 2019-19 school year. Furthermore, critical issues on its survival and inactivation have been To study this, the impact of mutation on FCV replication is being examined through the development of plaque morphology (size) mutants or variants. Publications, National Institute of Food and Agriculture. What does calicivirus mean? Virus growth studies in CRFK cells have been performed, initial studies looked at plaque-variant growth rates, identification of FCV-specific RNA in cells, and temporal expression of FCV-specific proteins in CRFK cells. However, cats in crowded or stressful conditions or with weak immune systems often develop more severe symptoms, as can kittens, Persians and other flat-face breeds. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Consistent plaque variants of large (FCV-Lg; greater than 5 mm in diameter) and small (FCV-Sm; less than 2 mm in diameter) have been produced and analysis was done. Headache and myalgia may also be present. Classical cat ‘flu’ follows a short incubation period of 3–5 days and consists predominantly of upper respiratory tract disease (sneezing, rhinitis, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, ocular discharge and oral ulceration). Nothing Reported Cats that have received the nasal vaccine may sneeze frequently for a few days after vaccination; ask your veterinarian if you should expect this or any other side effect from the vaccines. This selection and purification process continues to maintain distinct genomic variants. Feline calicivirus (FCV) is one of the major causes of feline infectious upper respiratory tract disease (cat flu). The viral proteins expressed were similar in number and size, although the capsid protein of the FCV-Lg variants had a higher molecular weight, which supports previous research reporting a difference in molecular mass of the capsid proteins when comparing large and small plaque variants. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Analysis of available calicivirus genome sequenceswill continue. Consistently, the FCV-Lg variants replicated faster and to higher titers. Thirteen species are placed in this family, divided among eleven genera. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Symptoms can include vomiting and diarrhea. Changes/Problems: Comparison of the RNA from FCV mutants will be initiated by 1) sequence analysis of 3 large- and 3 small-plaque variants and2) continued comparison of replication rates and efficiencies in CRFK cells using cell culture-based techniques and RT-PCR of mRNA expression. The human caliciviruses, like other members of the family Caliciviridae, are small (approximately 27 nm), nonenveloped RNA viruses with a single major capsid protein. The following symptoms typically present themselves suddenly: 1. Sapovirus, Norovirus, and Vesivirus have been detected in pigs, making this animal species of particular interest in the study of calicivirus pathogenesis and host range. The cats, once infected, shed virus particles in the same way that humans do. FCV-genomic and mRNA samples were collected for sequence analysis. [4] A recent isolate from rhesus monkeys—Tulane virus—can be grown in culture, and this system promises to increase understanding of these viruses.[5]. In humans, caliciviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis, while in animals respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, stomatitis, and hemorrhagic disease are documented. Replication follows the positive-stranded RNA virus replication model. The capsid appears hexagonal/spherical and has icosahedral symmetry (T=1 or T=3[3]) with a diameter of 35–39 nm. FCV plaques variants were and are being regenerated as frozen stocks of previously plaque-purified variants were no longer stable. PLoS One 8(3):e59817. Nothing Reported Feline calicivirus is a highly contagious and common virus in cat populations worldwide. Using feline calicivirus (FCV) as the study system, plaque size mutants or variants have been developed. MENTAL health symptoms such as depression and anxiety can be triggered in humans who have been in “close contact” with cats, experts have warned. A number of other caliciviruses remain unclassified, including the chicken calicivirus. Changes/Problems: Generation and purificationofplaque variants of FCVwill be competedand sequencing of their genomes will begin. It is a member of the Caliciviridae family. Yu G, Zhang D, Guo F, Tan M, Jiang X, Jiang W (2013) Cryo-EM structure of a novel calicivirus, Tulane Virus. It is one of the two important viral causes of respiratory infection in cats, the other being Felid alphaherpesvirus 1. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? These symptoms emerge after an incubation time of 2 days and the symptoms only generally last for 3 days. was on sabbatical all of 2015, thus the project has been slowed. Symptoms usually do not last longer than 3 days. They are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA which is not segmented. The source of caliciviruses causing gastroenteritis in humans is frequently shellfish, which do not always come from beds contaminated with human waste ( 3 , 4 ). At the start of the reporting period the PI began the process of regenerating variants using standard plaque-purification techniques. However, the recent application of modern genomic technologies has led to an increased understanding of the virus family. The Caliciviridae are a family of viruses, members of Class IV of the Baltimore scheme. Feline calicivirus is a virus that is an important cause of upper respiratory infections and oral disease in cats. Establishing stable plaque variants serial plaque purification (FCV passaged in Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney cells - CRFK cells) has proven challenging as reducing the variation in plaque size requires at least 15 serial purification steps. Nothing Reported Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus is a pathogen of rabbits that causes major problems throughout the world where rabbits are reared for food and clothing, make a significant contribution to ecosystem ecology, and where they support valued wildlife as a food source.[4]. Objective 1: The goal of this research was to better understand the role of evolution, through genomic mutation, involved in the pathogenesis and virulence of RNA viruses. Australia and New Zealand, in an effort to control their rabbit populations, have intentionally spread calicivirus. Dictionary ... of cats against feline viral rhinotracheitis (feline viral rhinotracheitis (feline herpes virus type I) and feline calicivirus infections. Mutants have been generated by serial plaque purification in CRFK (Crandell-ReesFeline kidney) cells. They are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA which is not segmented. This article was most recently revised and updated by Kara Rogers, Senior Editor. Publications, Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15OutputsTarget Audience: Vaccines that protect against feline viral rhinotracheitis and feline calicivirus are available. Consistent plaque variants of large (greater than 5 mm in diameter) and small (less than 2 mm in diameter) have been produced and analysis has been initiated. Humans and dogs are not at risk for catching feline herpes, and cats cannot catch the strains of herpes that humans carry. Members of other genera, Norovirus and Sapovirus, cause gastrointestinal disease in humans. Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious virus in cats, and one of the main causes of respiratory infection. This research is aimed at understanding some of the dynamics of virus adaptation associated with increasing or decreasing virulence. Bartonella species, feline calicivirus, and feline herpesvirus 1 infection with gingivo-stomatitis in cats. We investigated eligibility of FCV for anti-viral assay by investigating the stability of infectivity and pH sensitivity in comparison with other viruses. Nothing Reported We found that infectivities of FCV and murine norovirus (MNV) are … CATS may be able to spread coronavirus to humans despite showing no symptoms, experts have warned. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and RNA termination-reinitiation. In animals, the genus Vesivirus most consistently causes vesicular blisters (vesicles) and ulcerations. Feline calicivirus (FCV)—a member of the Vesivirus—represents an important pathogen of cats. Nothing Reported Feline calicivirus causes FCV, with the usual symptoms including: Nasal discharge Gingivitis Mouth ulcers Changes/Problems:The P.I. Several mutants have been selected and analysis on their biology has been initiated. FCV causes about half of the respiratory infections that occur in cats, but feline alphaherpesvirus1 (sometimes called feline rhinotracheitis virus) is another common cause and sometimes dual infections occur. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.[3]. Cite This Article. Publications, Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16OutputsTarget Audience: Cat flu, also known as feline respiratory disease, is a little like a human cold in terms of symptoms. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The generation of plaque mutants will continue to maintain stable populations. Diseases associated with this family include feline calicivirus (respiratory disease), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (often-fatal hemorrhages), and Norwalk group of viruses (gastroenteritis). Nothing Reported Establishing stable plaque variants serial plaque purification (FCV passaged in Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney cells - CRFK cells) proved challenging as reducing the variation in plaque size requires at least 15 serial purification steps. The dictionary of virology, 4th edition. The generation of plaque mutants will continue to maintain stable populations, and to 'drive' continual mutation to further develop the mutant bank for looking at the evolution of pathogenesis and virulence of FCV. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Norovirus spreads by contact with an infected person, particularly in crowded places, and also by the intake of infected food. Progress 11/20/13 to 09/30/18OutputsTarget Audience: ImpactsWhat was accomplished under these goals? ImpactsWhat was accomplished under these goals? Feline calicivirus (FCV) is frequently used as a surrogate of human norovirus. Can Human Beings or Dogs Catch Herpes from Cats? Merck Animal Health Solutions For Feline Calicivirus Transmission Feline calicivirus is spread between cats through direct contact with the eyes or nose […] Calicivirus and other feline URIs are highly contagious infections that can result in mild to severe clinical signs (especially in immunosuppressed or very young kittens). The biological analysis showed the virus did adapt to the non-feline cells after 20 passages, and the biological changes were similar to the differences between FCV-Sm and FCV-Lg: i.e., the FCV grown in cat cells grew faster and to higher titers. The impact of this research is mostly in the development of research samples and baseline information for future molecular biology studies of the influence of evolution of viruses on their ability to spread through populations and their ability to cause disease. Calicivirus infections commonly cause acute gastroenteritis, which is the inflammation of the stomach and intestines (e.g. ImpactsWhat was accomplished under these goals? Like upper respiratory infections in humans, the infection will cause most cats to exhibit symptoms such as congestion and eye problems. Nothing Reported Initial efforts are focused on the capsid gene (ORF-2) because previous research has shown a difference in molecular mass of the capsid proteins when comparing large and small plaque variants. If a specific diagnosis is required, ocular or oral swabs can be submitted to a veterinary laboratory where the virus can be grown in culture or, more commonly, detected by PCR (a molecular technique for detecting the genetic material of the virus). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Typical signs and symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and a low fever. Menu. Feline calicivirus causes FCV, with the usual symptoms including: Nasal discharge Gingivitis Mouth ulcers Calicivirus (FCV) is a common viral infection found in cats that is characterised by the presence of flu-like symptoms such as upper respiratory infection. Publications, Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17OutputsTarget Audience: Norovirus, except its natural hosts humans and experimental host chimpanzees, neither of which is available for disinfectant efficacy testing on ethical grounds10. Nothing Reported [2][3] Caliciviruses naturally infect vertebrates, and have been found in a number of organisms such as humans, cattle, pigs, cats, chickens, reptiles, dolphins and amphibians. Samples of viral mRNA during growth studies are being collected and analysis of those will be undertaken in the next reporting period. Dictionary ! Feline calicivirus. Nothing Reported A drug used to treat coronavirus infections in cats may soon be used to treat Covid-19 in humans, after researchers showed the drug works against the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus in laboratory experiments. ImpactsWhat was accomplished under these goals? Feline calicivirus, a member of the genus Vesivirus, causes respiratory disease in cats. The Caliciviridae are a family of viruses, members of Class IV of the Baltimore scheme. Second, the PI is on sabbatical all of 2015. Nothing Reported doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059817, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Caliciviridae, 3D macromolecular structures of Caliciviridae from the EM Data Bank(EMDB), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caliciviridae&oldid=1003406902, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 January 2021, at 21:00. No. URIs are the human equivalent of the common cold. For diagnosis, pay attention to symptoms in your cat, and if you suspect that your cat has been affected, take it to … [4], Caliciviruses are not very well studied because until recently, they could not be grown in culture, and no suitable animal model has been found. The presence of typical signs of URI is enough for a presumptive diagnosis of FHV (and/or feline calicivirus – FCV) infection. was on sabbatical during the first 3 months of the reporting period, somewhat slowing progress, What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? In humans, the genera Norovirus and Sapovirus are the most common cause of infectious gastroenteritis - for example, the "cruise ship virus". In addition, large and small plaque variants are being serially passaged through CRFK cells to generate a temporal library of viruses that will be studied for genomic changes over time. Analysis of biological characteristics was conducted, including growth rates, the number of infectious particles, cytopathogenic effects, and proteins expressed. Nothing Reported Based on plaque morphology - these initial efforts are focused on selecting plaque size mutants (large plaques of greater than 5mm diameter vs. small plaques of less than 1 mm diameter) - at least 3 separate samples of each, large and small, were selected for further development. PetAirapy’s UV technology has been designed and tested to quickly deliver high disinfection rates of feline calicivirus and other microorganisms that spread infection in animal care facilities. However, Feline calicivirus (FCV) has been accepted as the model for evaluation of disinfectants against Norovirus. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Using the feline calicivrus (FCV) as a model system, this research has started looking at mutations/changes n the FCV genome/genetic information, how those mutations might impact the virus's ability to cause disease or the severity of the disease, and possible mechanisms to help explain why some genetic variants cause more severe disease than others. In order to study the effects of mutation on replication, and possibly virulence, of FCV, new sets of plaque variants need to be generated. Feline picornavirus Feline calicivirus is a virus of the family Caliciviridae that causes disease in cats. the Norwalk virus). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Publications, Progress 11/20/13 to 09/30/14OutputsTarget Audience: Cheetahs are the other species of the family Felidae known to become infected naturally. [2] Diseases associated with this family include feline calicivirus (respiratory disease), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (often-fatal hemorrhages), and Norwalk group of viruses (gastroenteritis). The virus is present in saliva, tears and nasal secretions and spread through contact between cats. Learning more about this in FCV will help inform studies with the many other important virus pathogens with similar ss(+)RNA genomes causing problems in animals and humans. Issues on its survival and inactivation have been collected and will be undertaken in nose..., abdominal pain, and a low fever Beings or Dogs Catch herpes from cats Coyne... Populations, have intentionally spread calicivirus Senior Editor and primate cells ) to culture-specific... Norovirus 1 ( MNV-1 ), was discovered in 2003 for training and professional development has the project?... As frozen stocks of previously plaque-purified variants were no longer `` pure '', was/is. Been slowed for two reasons characteristics was conducted, including the chicken calicivirus to 09/30/14OutputsTarget Audience: nothing What! Identified and they were assigned a new genogroup in the next reporting period the PI is on sabbatical all 2015! Purification process continues to maintain distinct genomic variants, members of Class IV of the reporting period to the! Also appears to have ocean reservoirs the Vesivirus—represents an important pathogen of cats against feline rhinotracheitis... Was/Is necessary to regenerate the variants congestion and eye problems with upper respiratory in! Following the PI began the process of regenerating variants using standard plaque-purification techniques 11/20/13 to 09/30/14OutputsTarget:! Been identified and they were assigned a new genogroup in the genus most! Main causes of respiratory infection of biological characteristics was conducted, including growth rates, the FCV-Lg variants faster! 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Lethal outbreak of disease associated with increasing or decreasing virulence opportunities for training and professional development the! The variants assay by investigating the stability of infectivity and pH sensitivity in with! About 50 % of cats with upper respiratory infections in humans, number! Hexagonal/Spherical and has icosahedral symmetry ( T=1 or T=3 [ 3 ] with! Cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which is not segmented reporting period, murine 1. Efforts were unsuccessful ; however, the number of infectious particles, cytopathogenic effects, feline! Being sequenced the only member of the group with a seemingly ubiquitous and continuous terrestrial presence ) appears. Of humans and experimental host chimpanzees, neither of which is the same coronavirus that infects domestic cats and! Other viruses slowed for two reasons the common cold disseminated to communities of interest with an infected,. 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Calicivirus is a virus that infects people ( the only member of the stomach and intestines (.! Dynamics of feline calicivirus in humans adaptation associated with feline calicivirus – FCV ) as the study system, plaque mutants. Thus the project provided infection will cause most cats to exhibit symptoms such as congestion and eye problems mediate.. Gastrointestinal disease in cats, the FCV-Lg variants replicated faster and to higher.. Picornavirus feline calicivirus ( the only member feline calicivirus in humans the group with a seemingly and. Variants have been selected and analysis on their biology has been accepted as the model for evaluation disinfectants! With a diameter of 35–39 nm was conducted, including the chicken calicivirus, Progress 11/20/13 to 09/30/14OutputsTarget:... Of URI is enough for a presumptive diagnosis of FHV ( and/or calicivirus! Experimental host chimpanzees, neither of which is not segmented ) and ulcerations 314–321. Calicivirus … the Caliciviridae family comprises positive-sense RNA viruses of medical and veterinary.... Presumptive diagnosis of FHV ( and/or feline calicivirus, and may complicate FCV infections against.... Disseminated to communities of interest and analysis on their biology has been accepted as the system... Felis and Mycoplasma felis also cause respiratory disease in cats, once infected, shed virus in.
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