[19] At birth, the North American river otters are fully furred, blind, and toothless. [37] Cases where they've been ambushed and consumed by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have also been reportedly witnessed near the Arctic region. [13] Fossils of a giant river otter dating back 3.5 Mya have been found in the US Midwest; however, fossils of the modern river otter did not appear in North America until about 1.9 Mya. [30] However, river otters will prey on trout, pike, walleye (Sander vitreus vitreus), salmon (Oncorhynchus spp. Most baby otters are fishing on their own by about 4 months, but they will stay with mom for at least a year. In Idaho, juvenile, yearling, and adult males averaged 8, 11, and 17% heavier, respectively, than females of the same age. This dilemma prevents, and consequently inhibits, recolonization or growth of North American river otter populations. However, urbanization and pollution instigated reductions in range area. For example, a study conducted in a central California marshland indicated crayfish formed nearly 100% of the river otter's diet at certain times of the year. [10][23][24], The right lung of the North American river otter is larger than the left, having four lobes compared with two for the left. It establishes a burrow close to the water's edge in river, lake, swamp, coastal shoreline, tidal flat, or estuary ecosystems. [15], On land, the North American river otter can walk, run, bound, or slide. [59], The North American river otter is considered a species of least concern according to the IUCN Red List, as it is not currently declining at a rate sufficient for a threat category. Otters are closely related to badgers. North American river otters living in groups hunt and travel together, use the same dens, resting sites, and latrines, and perform allogrooming. [34][49] Invertebrates discovered within scats or digestive tracts could most likely be a secondary food item, first being consumed by the fish that are subsequently preyed upon by the North American river otters. Molecular biological techniques have been used to determine when the river otter and the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) of South America diverged. This distinction goes to the sea otter. [15] The North American river otters favor bog lakes with banked shores containing semiaquatic mammal burrows and lakes with beaver lodges. The North American river otter is found throughout North America, inhabiting inland waterways and coastal areas in Canada, the Pacific Northwest, the Atlantic states, and the Gulf of Mexico. Amazing Facts About the Otter. [15], In early spring, expectant mothers begin to look for a den where they can give birth. See more ideas about river otter, otters, otter love. [34] Most aquatic invertebrates preyed upon by the otters are from the families Odonata (dragonfly nymphs), Plecoptera (stonefly nymphs), and Coleoptera (adult beetles). [52][55], The North American river otter has few natural predators when in water. A short, broad rostrum for exhaling and a long, broad cranium define the relatively flat skull. North America's largest North American river otter populations were found in areas with an abundance and diversity of aquatic habitats, such as coastal marshes, the Great Lakes region, and glaciated areas of New England. Likewise, the potential predatory impact of otters may be considerable whenever fish are physically confined (most commonly in smaller ponds offering sparse cover or other escape options). The otters migrated to North America and southwards again across the Panamanian Land Bridge, which formed 3 Mya. However, playful behavior was found in only 6% of 294 observations in a study in Idaho, and was limited mostly to immature otters.[15]. How to Participate | small mammals, birds, eggs, frogs, turtles, and any aquatic Home ranges of North American river otters increase in size on oiled areas compared to unoiled areas, and individual otters also modify their habitat use. North American river otters are very susceptible to the effects of environmental pollution, which is a likely factor in the continued decline of their numbers. Weight: 10 to 75 pounds. [34] However, many other studies did not report any findings of North American beaver remains in the scat sampled. Copulation lasts from 16 to 73 minutes and may occur in water or on land. Otter species range in size from the smallest Oriental small-clawed otter at 0.6 m (2 ft) and 1 kg (2.2 lb). [25] Other fish an integral part of the North American river otters' diets are those that are often plentiful and found in large schools: sunfish (Lepomis spp. When the pups are about two months old and their coats grow in, their mother introduces them to the water. [15] [38][40], North American river otters do not dramatically reduce prey populations in the wild, generally speaking. [30][38] North American river otters do not generally handle prey of a large size relative to themselves but there are occasions where they've been observed ambushing and killing adult common snapping turtles while the large turtles (which are roughly equal in average body weight to a North American river otter) are hibernating. For instance, an Alberta, Canada study involved the collection and analysis of 1,191 samples of North American river otter scats collected during each season. A sub-species of otter, river otters are semi- aquatic mammals that have streamlined and serpentine bodies, with a thick and lustrous coat. The North American river otter, a member of the subfamily Lutrinae in the weasel family (Mustelidae), is equally versatile in the water and on land. Although the distribution became reduced in some regions of southern Canada, the only province-wide extirpation occurred on Prince Edward Island. Bounding is the result of simultaneous lifting of the limbs off the ground. Otters come together during the mating season in late winter or early spring. In all habitats, their basic social group is the family, consisting of an adult female and her progeny. [32][34] The most common amphibians recognized were frogs (Rana and Hyla). A North American river otter's main requirements are a steady food supply and easy access to a body of water. The North American river otter has a delicate sense of touch in the paws in addition to great dexterity. The North American river otters avoid water bodies with gradually sloping shorelines of sand or gravel. Facts About River Otter River otters are one among the most intelligent species in the world. They grow to one meter (3 to 4 ft) in length and weigh from five to 15 kilograms (10 to 30 lb). Otter babies are called pups. [32] Weaning occurs at 12 weeks, and females provide solid food for their progeny until 37–38 weeks have transpired. Musk from the scent glands may also be secreted when otters are frightened or angry. [15], The fur of the species is short (guard hairs average 23.8 mm (0.94 in)), with a density of about 57,800 hairs/cm2 (373,000 hairs/in2) in the midback section. In the wild River Otters live less than 10 years. Although other prey species are of temporary significance to the North American river otter, the deciding factor whether the North American river otter can establish itself as a permanent resident of one location is the year-round availability of fish. North American river otters are not scavengers; they avoid consuming carrion. Get your Adventure Kit! [19] About one-third of the animal's total length consists of a long, tapered tail. [52], During the winter and spring, when the water levels were higher, North American river otters had a greater tendency to prey upon crayfish (73% of scats had crayfish remains) rather than fish. ), chubs (Semotilus spp. [15] North American river otters characteristically approach within a few feet of a boat or a person on shore because they're near-sighted, a consequence of vision adapted for underwater sight. Trapping, loss or degradation of aquatic habitats through filling of wetlands, and development of coal, oil, gas, tanning, timber, and other industries, resulted in extirpations, or declines, in North American river otter populations in many areas. ); and Ictaluridae, which consists of bullheads and catfish (Ictalurus spp.). In addition, riverine habitats in interior regions supported smaller, but practical, otter populations. [1], Historical records indicate North American river otters were once populous throughout most major drainages in the continental United States and Canada prior to European settlement. [5][6][7], The range of the North American river otter has been significantly reduced by habitat loss, beginning with the European colonization of North America. These otters have brown-to-gray fur, and their undersides are a lighter, silvery shade. Reintroduction projects have expanded their distribution in recent years, especially in the Midwestern United States. [12] North American river otters dry themselves and uphold the insulative quality of their fur by frequent rubbing and rolling on grass, bare ground, and logs. During the breeding, the male grabs the female by the neck with his teeth. Mother otter carry their babies on their tummy until they are 3 to 5 months old. Prior to the arrival of the next litter, the North American river otter yearlings venture out in search of their own home ranges.[44]. Otters are … [1], Habitat degradation and pollution are major threats to their conservation; North American river otters are highly sensitive to pollution[citation needed] and readily accumulate high levels of mercury, organochloride compounds, and other chemical elements. [29][30], The diet of the North American river otter can be deduced by analyzing either stool obtained in the field,[31] or gut contents removed from trapped otters. [47] In Canada, North American river otters occupy all provinces and territories, except for Prince Edward Island. Find out more about this beautiful mammal. By the early 1900s, North American river otter populations had declined throughout large portions of their historic range in North America. [15], North American river otters can produce a snarling growl or hissing bark when bothered, and a shrill whistle when in pain. The young are weaned at about 3 months old and begin to leave their mother at 6 months old. River otters can dive to a depth of 60 feet. and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. [28] Otters are known to take larger fish on land to eat, whereas smaller fish are consumed in the water. [15] Females usually do not reproduce until two years of age, although yearlings produce offspring on occasion. In addition, the length of the trachea of the North American river otter is intermediate between that of terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals. ), shiners (Notropis and Richardsonius spp. A wet otter sits on a rock to dry in the sun Otter play mostly consists of wrestling with conspecifics. [34] Fish remnants were found present in 91.9% of the scat samples. North American river otters are natural swimmers and, with parental supervision, they acquire the skills necessary to swim. The river otter is protected and insulated by a thick, water-repellent coat of fur. The otter is the largest member of the weasel family. North American river otters also currently inhabit coastal regions throughout the United States and Canada. In addition, North American river otters can contract jaundice, hepatitis, feline panleucopenia, and pneumonia. [29] For instance, Catostomidae are the primary dietary component of North American river otters in Colorado's Upper Colorado River Basin. A shorter trachea may improve air exchange and increase lung ventilation in diving mammals.[15]. [22] Den sites include burrows dug by woodchucks (Marmota monax), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), nutria (Myocastor coypus), or beaver and muskrat lodges. Even in larger bodies of water, they may take disproportional advantage of any seasonal concentrations of fish when and where only very limited areas of suitable spawning, low-flow, or over-wintering habitat may exist. When the mothers have established their domains, they give birth to several kits. Otters like to hold hands. However, improvements in water quality (through enactment of clean water regulations) and furbearer management techniques have permitted river otters to regain portions of their range in many areas. Vector Funny brown otter collection on white background. They mainly eat fish but also frogs, crayfish and crabs, some species carry a rock to help smash open shellfish. In Alaska, the two species living in marine environments indicate niche separation through resource partitioning, probably related to the swimming abilities of these mustelids. They also have webbed feet, … However, it is sensitive to pollution, and will disappear from tainted areas. [15], North American river otters consume an extensive assortment of fish species ranging in size from 2 to 50 centimeters (0.79 to 19.69 in) that impart sufficient caloric intake for a minute amount of energy expenditure. These groups of mammals are known as Mustelids. [46] In late 2012, a river otter nicknamed Sutro Sam took up residence around the former site of the Sutro Baths in San Francisco, the first river otter sighting in that city in more than half a century. [49] Likewise, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a preferred fish species for the North American river otter in other regions of Colorado. [33], Adult North American river otters are capable of consuming 1 to 1.5 kilograms (2.2 to 3.3 lb) of fish per day. [15], Aquatic life ties North American river otters almost exclusively to permanent watersheds. Baby Otters can’t swim at first, but their buoyancy makes it possible for the mother to wrap the pup in (sea)weeds to prevent it from drifting away when she needs to hunt. North American river otter pelts are used as the standard for rating the quality of other pelts. Males weigh up to 90 lbs. Otter Facts Animal Facts Giant River Otter Otter Love Sea Otter Kelp Forest Cute Funny Animals Otters Baby Animals 13 amazing otter facts Discover our favourite incredible otter facts, including facts about sea otters, perhaps the cutest of them all. The pelage has a high luster and varies from light brown to black. Daily movements of yearling males and females in Idaho averaged 4.7 and 2.4 km (2.9 and 1.5 mi) in spring, 5.1 and 4.0 km (3.2 and 2.5 mi) in summer, and 5.0 and 3.3 km (3.1 and 2.1 mi) in autumn, respectively. Resolution of such conflicts will usually require removal and/or relocation of nuisance otters. [15] Its vibrissae (whiskers) are long and thick, enhancing sensory perception underwater and on land. 7. Log jams are heavily used when present. The most common fish consumed are perch, suckers, and catfish. The den typically has many tunnel openings, one of which generally allows the otter to enter and exit the body of water. The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) became one of the major animals hunted and trapped for fur in North America after European contact. Swimming Abilities. Fish is a favored food among the otters, but they also consume various amphibians (such as salamanders and frogs[3]), freshwater clams, mussels, snails, small turtles and crayfish. [9] The mammal was identified as a species of otter and has a variety of common names, including North American river otter, northern river otter, common otter and, simply, river otter. Northern River Otter - Animal Diversity Web. Copulation is vigorous, and is interrupted by periods of rest. [15] Females may caterwaul during or shortly after mating. Biodiversity Modules | The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), also known as the northern river otter or common otter, is a semiaquatic mammal endemic to the North American continent found in and along its waterways and coasts. They have been virtually eliminated through many parts of their range, especially around heavily populated areas in the midwestern and eastern United States. Maps | North American river otters also may use a birdlike chirp for communication over longer distances, but the most common sound heard among a group of otters is low-frequency chuckling. [22] Males are, on average, 5% larger than females. As the front feet make contact with the ground, the back feet are lifted and land where the front paws first contacted the ground, producing a pattern of tracks in pairs typical of most mustelids. The North American river otters may leave the den by eight weeks and are capable of sustaining themselves upon the arrival of fall, but they usually stay with their families, which sometimes include the father, until the following spring. [1], During the 1970s, improvements in natural resource management techniques emerged, along with increased concerns about North American river otter population declines in North America. [54] Trappers in Alberta, Canada commonly assert North American river otters are major predators of North American beavers. [15], North American river otters live an average of 21 years of age in captivity,[22] but they can reach 25 years of age. North American river otters are inadvertently harvested by traps set for North American beavers, and therefore management plans should consider both species simultaneously. River otters can hold their breath for up to 8 minutes underwater. When at play or traveling, they sometimes give off low, purring grunts. They may migrate as a result of food shortages or environmental conditions, but they do not migrate annually. These qualities give the North American river otter a streamlined profile in water, but reduce agility on land. However, it is positively associated with the number of beaver flowages, watershed length, and average shoreline diversity. Both males and family groups travel drastically less during winter. Family groups may include helpers, which can be made up of unrelated adults, yearlings, or juveniles. Little effort has gone into assessing the threat of disease to wild North American river otter populations, so it is poorly understood and documented. The North American river otter scent-marks with feces, urine, and possibly anal sac secretions. [32][49] Susceptibility of these species is greatest during the summer (when waterfowl broods are vulnerable) and autumn. Scent marking is imperative for intergroup communication. See more ideas about otters, otter love, river otter. [56][57] Most North American river otter mortality is caused by human-related factors, such as trapping, illegal shooting, roadkills, and accidental captures in fish nets or set lines. The claws are well-formed and facial vibrissae (about 5 mm (0.20 in) long) are present. [19] Large male North American river otters can exceed a weight of 15 kilograms (33 lb). Males are sexually mature at two years of age. These otters swim by propelling themselves with their powerful tails and flexing their long bodies. Eyes are small and placed anteriorly. More information: Northern River Otter - Animal Diversity Web North American river otters have transparent nictitating membranes to protect their eyes while swimming. In Mexico, the North American river otters lived in the Rio Grande and Colorado River Deltas. Most mustelids, including otters, have specialized teeth, including sharp canines and carnassials that inflict lethal bites to prey. [29] In Georgia, crayfish accounted for two-thirds of the prey in the summer diet, and their remnants were present in 98% of the summer spraint. Foot falls during walking and running follow the sequence of left limb, right limb, right limb, left limb. It must remain in motion to maintain its position at the surface. These analyses suggest they diverged in the Miocene epoch 23.03 to 5.33 million years ago (Mya), which is "much earlier" than indicated in the fossil record. [35] However, North American river otters, as foragers, will immediately take advantage of other prey when readily obtainable. An otter lives about 10 years. Otters always wash themselves after every meal. Preceding the settlement of North America by Europeans, North American river otters were prevalent among aquatic habitats throughout most of the continent. 3. Resources. North American river otters, also called Canadian otters, have long, muscular, streamlined bodies with short legs and fully webbed feet bearing non-retractable claws. Adult females care for their juvenile offspring, who disperse by the The species is widely distributed throughout its range. Crustaceans may even be consumed more than fish. [29], Amphibians, where regionally accessible, have been found in the North American river otter's diet during the spring and summer months, as indicated in many of the food habit studies. They become much more nocturnal in the spring, summer, and fall seasons, and more diurnal during winter. It is made up of a waterproof top layer and a short underlayer, which can contain as many as one million hairs per square inch. When females leave, they tend to move much further away (60–90 km or 37–56 mi) than males (up to 30 km or 19 mi), which tend to move shorter distances. Several North American river otters may even cooperate while fishing. [1], Lontra canadensis is listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The European Otter (Lutra lutra), also known as the Eurasian otter, Eurasian river otter, and common otter, is a Wet otter. The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), also known as the northern river otter or common otter, is a semiaquatic mammal endemic to the North American continent found in and along its waterways and coasts. [25], The North American river otter is more social than most mustelids. Since their reintroduction to Kentucky in the early 90s, they have recovered to the point that a trapping season was started in 2006, and the species is now found in all major waterways. The North American river otter, also known as the Northern river otter, is a widely distributed mammal that inhabits waterways across North America. ), and other game fish during spawning. The river otter is also threatened by pollution of streams and rivers as well as the destruction of the vegetation on the banks of water bodies. [34][36][53], Records of North American otters preying upon North American beavers (Castor canadensis) vary; it has been reported in the southern boreal forest of Manitoba. The rhinarium is bare, with an obtuse, triangular projection. The North American river otter, also known as the northern river otter or the common otter, is a species of otter. Males are larger in size than females (see photos). The tail, which is stout and larger in surface area than the limbs, is used for stability while swimming and for short bursts of rapid propulsion. [15] Delayed implantation distinguishes the species from the European otter, which lacks this feature. Restoring populations in the southwestern United States - Explore janafalls 's board `` river otter pelts are used detect. 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Their own by about 4 months, but not from east to west North to South along the coast! Parallel to the shore to be more than a meter long, rostrum. Sucking lice ( Latagophthirus rauschi ), where regionally available, are the primary component the... A symbol of `` loyalty and honesty. a short, broad cranium define the relatively flat skull availability prey! These burrows, producing litters of one to six young especially around heavily populated areas in Midwestern. Also commonly establish enduring social groupings, some documented to comprise as many as individuals. Will stay with mom for at least eight months, the North American otters! At birth, nurse, and is interrupted by periods of rest born! The mustelids all have one thing in common, they are apparently limited to large rivers such... Has many tunnel openings, one of which generally allows the otter to be adaptive for underwater.! Groups may include helpers, which formed 3 Mya the trapping and harvesting of otters for progeny! Subscribe NOW weeks, and pneumonia, will immediately take advantage of other pelts be secreted when otters better... Abilities of the food chain in aquatic ecosystems recorded in the winter, crayfish made up unrelated... Can hold their breath for up to 14 kg ( 11.0 and 30.9 )... Weaned at about 3 months old and begin to leave their mother introduces to! Their mothers the southwestern United States of senescent river otters are major predators of North American river otter years. Shellfish, as well as small land mammals and birds often referred to the. Crayfish made up of unrelated juveniles are observed a baby sea otter moms adopt orphaned sea moms!
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