questions on the reactions of Group 1 metals with oxygen and chlorine, © Jim Clark 2005 (modified February 2015). Magnesium. The reaction produces a white solid mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide. . Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium oxide. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Small pieces of sodium burn in air with often little more than an orange glow. Potassium, rubidium and caesium form superoxides, XO2. Even though it only has one charge, the lithium ion at the top of the Group is so small and has such a high charge density that any peroxide ion near it falls to pieces to give an oxide and oxygen. I assume the same thing to be true of the caesium oxides, although I couldn't find all the figures to be able to check it. A homemade instrument for the measurement of oxygen concentration in aqueous solutions measures the decay rate of the phosphorescence of a Pd-porphyrin complex (phosphor) dissolved in the solution, which is flashed every 0.1 s with 630 nm light. This is an exothermic reaction. WARNING!This reaction is EXTREMELY violent and dangerous! Hydrogen gas released during the burning process reacts strongly with oxygen in the air. The amount of heat evolved per mole of rubidium in forming its various oxides is: The values for the various potassium oxides show exactly the same trends. Click hereto get an answer to your question ️ Write equation for the reaction of : (a) Sodium with oxygen(b) Magnesium with oxygen What is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated? The reaction rate of sodium sulfite was studied as a function of oxygen concentration, Na/sub 2/SO/sub 3//O/sub 2/ ratio, temperature, catalyst, pH and surface/volume ratio.The reaction rate of hydrazine with dissolved oxygen was also studied. Both superoxides are described in most sources as being either orange or yellow. A solution containing a salt and hydrogen peroxide is formed together with oxygen gas. Lithium is the only element in this Group to form a nitride in this way. It also deals very briefly with the reactions of the elements with chlorine. Small pieces of sodium burn in air with a faint orange glow. The equation for the formation of the simple oxide is … For the record, it also reacts with the nitrogen in the air to give lithium nitride. This is then well on the way to forming a simple oxide ion if the right-hand oxygen atom (as drawn below) breaks off. BUT . 2 Ni (s) + O 2 (g) 2 NiO (s) Reaction of nickel with ammonia. The more complicated ions aren't stable in the presence of a small positive ion. Oxygen removal is incomplete when the sulfite to oxygen ratio is leas than the stoichiometric quantity. Sodium bisulfite is a common industrial reducing agent, as it readily reacts with dissolved oxygen: 2 NaHSO 3 + O 2 → 2 NaHSO 4 It is usually added to large piping systems to prevent oxidative corrosion. It is a matter of energetics. They are stored either in a vacuum or in an inert atmosphere of, say, argon. More specifically, it's called oxidation-reduction. Unlike the reaction of oxygen with sulfite or hydrazine, the hydroquinone reaction is quite complex and appears to go forward in more than one stage. Sodium hydroxide may react with oxygen to form sodium peroxide. This is the best way to get rid of oxygen. A solution containing a salt and hydrogen peroxide is formed. sodium+oxygen gas=sodium oxide balanced symbol equation-4 Na + O2 = 2 Na2O 2.If you have 15.0 g of Na, how many grams of O2 are required for the reaction? Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. These are simple basic oxides, reacting with water to give the metal hydroxide. Are you a teacher? The resulting solution is basic because of the dissolved … Sodium reacts with oxygen to form sodium oxide and has the following balanced chemical equation: 4 Na + O 2 --> 2 Na2O. There is a diagonal relationship between lithium and magnesium. Both metals catch fire in air and produce superoxides, RbO2 and CsO2. Sodium is a silvery-white metal with a waxy appearance. There is nothing in any way complicated about these reactions! So why do any of the metals form the more complicated oxides? Its chemistry is well explored. Start your 48-hour free trial and unlock all the summaries, Q&A, and analyses you need to get better grades now. The reaction can be very violent overall. There is more about these oxides later on. Hydroquinone reacts with dissolved oxygen in an aqueous system. Electrons in the peroxide ion will be strongly attracted towards the positive ion. Write the chemical equation and name the reaction when a solution of sodium chloride is mixed with a solution of silver nitrate and a white precipitate of silver chloride is formed. When any substance burns in oxygen it is called a combustion reaction. . This page mainly looks at the reactions of the Group 1 elements (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium) with oxygen - including the simple reactions of the various kinds of oxides formed. Lithium's reactions are often rather like those of the Group 2 metals. Sodium (and to some extent potassium) form peroxides, X2O2, containing the more complicated O22- ion (discussed below). - I have no idea what is going on here! Reaction between sodium metal and pure oxygen initiated by some water. The reaction between sodium and oxygen is called oxidation because electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Sodium, however, reacts with O 2 under normal conditions to form a compound that contains twice as much oxygen. What are 5 pure elements that can be found in your home? A number of sodium compounds do not react as strongly with water, but are strongly water soluble. The equation for the formation of the peroxide is just like the sodium one above: The formula for a peroxide doesn't look too stange, because most people are familiar with the similar formula for hydrogen peroxide. They are then added together, canceling out electrons and producing the equation for the overall reaction. This page describes the reactions of the Period 3 elements from sodium to argon with water, oxygen and chlorine. Sodium sulfite react with oxygen 2Na 2 SO 3 + O 2 → 2Na 2 SO 4 [ Check the balance ] Sodium sulfite react with oxygen to produce sodium sulfate. Realizing Users of sodium sulfite often express concern with its slow and incomplete solubility. The covalent bond between the two oxygen atoms is relatively weak. Nickel does not react with oxygen, O 2 at room temperature, under normal conditions. The hydrogen peroxide will again decompose to give water and oxygen as the temperature rises. Reactions with water. The prefix per- means "above normal" or "excessive." One major web source describes rubidium superoxide as being dark brown on one page and orange on another! Violent! Forming the more complicated oxides from the metals releases more energy and makes the system more energetically stable. If you have 17.6 g of Na, how many grams of O2 are required for reaction? In each case, there is a white solid residue which is the simple chloride, XCl. Rubidium and caesium are normally stored in sealed glass tubes to prevent air getting at them. In biochemical engineering applications, it is helpful to maintain anaerobic conditions within a reactor. Atomic Structure. 2 Na(s) + O 2 (g) Na 2 O 2 (s) Compounds such as Na 2 O 2 that are unusually rich in oxygen are called peroxides. Already a member? Again, these reactions are even more exothermic than the ones with water. Finely divided nickel can burn, forming nickel(II) oxide, NiO. this only works for the metals in the lower half of the Group where the metal ions are big and have a low charge density. Using larger amounts of sodium or burning it in pure oxygen produces a strong orange flame. Sodium reacts with oxygen to form sodium oxide and has the following balanced chemical equation: {eq}\rm 4Na + O_2 \to 2Na_2O {/eq}. Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons. Sodium is ordinarily quite reactive with air, and the reactivity is a function of the relative humidity, or water-vapour content of the air. asked Oct 17, 2017 in Class X Science by aditya23 ( -2,145 points) Lithium burns with a strongly red-tinged flame if heated in air. Using larger amounts of sodium or burning it in oxygen gives a strong orange flame. The equation for the formation of the simple oxide is just like the lithium one. At the top of the Group, the small ions with a higher charge density tend to polarise the more complicated oxide ions to the point of destruction. Consider the peroxide ion, for example. If this is the first set of questions you have done, please read the introductory page before you start. Sodium thiosulfate acts as an oxygen scavenger (Gupta and Carman, 2010a). The superoxide ions are even more easily pulled apart, and these are only stable in the presence of the big ions towards the bottom of the Group. Sodium - Sodium - Chemical properties: Generally, elemental sodium is more reactive than lithium, and it reacts with water to form a strong base, sodium hydroxide (NaOH). 2Na(s) + O 2 (g) → 2Na 2 O 2 (s) 4Na(s) + O 2 (g) → 2Na 2 O(s) Reaction of sodium with water. The reaction rate of sodium sulfite was studied as a function of oxygen concentration, Na/sub 2/SO/sub 3//O/sub 2/ ratio, temperature, catalyst, pH and surface/volume ratio.The reaction rate of hydrazine with dissolved oxygen was also studied. The equation for the overall reaction is: An oxidation-reduction reaction can be written as two half reactions, one showing oxidation and one showing reduction: The two half reactions are multiplied by coefficients, if necessary, to arrive at the same number of electrons in each half reaction. This time, a solution of the metal hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide is formed, but oxygen gas is given off as well. 4Na(s)+O2(g)→2Na2O(s) 1. 4Na(s)+O2(g)â 2Na2O(s) 1. Use the BACK button on your browser to return to this page from either of these links. How many mole (s) of oxygen gas (O … Sodium. Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium oxide. Sodium metal is heated and may ignite and burn with a characteristic orange flame. The surface is bright and shiny when first cut, but quickly becomes dull as sodium reacts with oxygen in the air. In the video both look black! As long as you have enough oxygen, forming the peroxide releases more energy per mole of metal than forming the simple oxide. How many grams of Na2O are produced when 93.7 g of Na reacts? Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Out of sodium and sulfur, sodium is a metal. Another potentially violent reaction! Na 2 O 2 is a These are all very reactive metals and have to be stored out of contact with air to prevent their oxidation. Lithium is unique in the Group because it also reacts with the nitrogen in the air to form lithium nitride (again, see below). Using larger amounts of sodium or burning it in oxygen gives a strong orange flame. You will need to use the BACK BUTTON on your browser to come back here afterwards. 2. A white solid mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide is formed. What are ten examples of solutions that you might find in your home? You get a white solid mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide. Lithium, sodium and potassium are stored in oil. Sign up now, Latest answer posted May 09, 2016 at 2:26:02 PM, Latest answer posted February 21, 2016 at 1:54:19 AM, Latest answer posted July 22, 2013 at 3:57:27 AM, Latest answer posted June 23, 2016 at 11:43:58 PM, Latest answer posted August 02, 2016 at 4:25:48 PM. Solubility of sodium and sodium compounds The reaction between sodium and oxygen is called oxidation because electrons are transferred from one atom to another. There is a bit of video from the Royal Society of Chemistry showing the two metals burning on exposure to air. This works best if the positive ion is small and highly charged - if it has a high charge density. 4Na (s) + O2 (g) —>2 Na2O (s) 4K (s) + + O2 (g) —>2 K20 (s) A page showing Balanced Chemical Equations for The reactions between Sodium and Oxygen, Aluminium and Chlorine, Aluminium and Oxygen, Calcium and Chlorine, Magnesium and Bromine. The structure of the superoxide ion, O2-, is too difficult to discuss at this level, needing a good knowledge of molecular orbital theory to make sense of it. Sodium burns in air with often little more than an orange glow. 4NaOH + O2 = Na2O2 + 2H2O The sulfite/oxygen reaction is inhibited by chelants, by contaminants in the feed water, or by treatment chemicals. gcsescience.com 22 gcsescience.com. A thin film of sodium oxide (Na 2 O) forms that hides the metal itself. Sodium. The rest also behave the same in both gases. REACTIONS OF THE GROUP 1 ELEMENTS WITH OXYGEN AND CHLORINE. Using larger amounts of sodium or burning it in oxygen gives a strong orange flame. Reactivity increases as you go down the Group. That gives the most stable compound. Similarities Between Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration. Small pieces of sodium burn in air with often little more than an orange glow. Potassium (lilac) burns most vigorously followed by sodium (orange-yellow) and then lithium (red), as you might expect. Reaction with oxygen is just a more dramatic version of the reaction with air. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. The equations are the same as the equivalent potassium one. For example, sodium oxide will react with dilute hydrochloric acid to give colourless sodium chloride solution and water. The tubes are broken open when the metal is used. 4 Na (s) + O 2 (g) → 2Na 2 O(s) We say that the positive ion polarises the negative ion. Sodium has a very exothermic reaction with cold water producing hydrogen and a colourless solution of sodium hydroxide. Oxygen scavengers are reducing agents in that they remove dissolved oxygen from water by reducing molecular oxygen to compounds in which oxygen appears in the lower, i.e., -2 oxidation state. The equation for the formation of the simple oxide is just like the lithium one. You can use the freeze /thaw method to remove dissolved oxygen from a solution. You get a white solid mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide. The Reactions of the elements with Chlorine. Oxygen removal is incomplete when the sulfite to oxygen ratio is leas than the stoichiometric quantity. The formula for a superoxide always looks wrong! Why are different oxides formed as you go down the Group? With pure oxygen, the flame would simply be more intense. You will find this discussed on the page about electronegativity. Once again, these are strongly exothermic reactions and the heat produced will inevitably decompose the hydrogen peroxide to water and more oxygen. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, they produce the compound whose formation gives out most energy. These simple oxides all react with an acid to give a salt and water. Again violent! If the temperature increases (as it inevitably will unless the peroxide is added to water very, very, very slowly! 3.How many grams of O2 are needed in a reaction … For example, lithium oxide reacts with water to give a colourless solution of lithium hydroxide. The peroxide equation is: Potassium How many grams of O2 are More specifically, it's … The hydrogen peroxide will decompose to give water and oxygen if the temperature rises - again, it is almost impossible to avoid this. The equation for the formation of the simple oxide is … Now imagine bringing a small positive ion close to the peroxide ion. It reacts with oxygen in the air to give white lithium oxide. Small pieces of potassium heated in air tend to just melt and turn instantly into a mixture of potassium peroxide and potassium superoxide without any flame being seen. If the reaction is done ice cold (and the temperature controlled so that it doesn't rise even though these reactions are strongly exothermic), a solution of the metal hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide is formed. It is soft enough to be cut with a knife. sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide 4Na (s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O (s) The reactivity of the group 1 elements increases down the group, so their reactions with oxygen get more vigorous. The two must occur together because an atom can't lose electrons without another atom to accept them. We’ve discounted annual subscriptions by 50% for our Start-of-Year sale—Join Now! Magnesium has a very slight reaction with cold water, but burns in steam. These reactions are even more exothermic than the ones with water. ©2021 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. As you go down the Group to sodium and potassium the positive ions get bigger and they don't have so much effect on the peroxide ion. Other major commercial applications of sodium chloride include its use in the manufacture of chlorine and sodium hydroxide by electrolytic decomposition and in the production of sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3) by the Solvay process.The electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride produces sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, a compound of sodium, oxygen, and chlorine used in large quantities in … How many grams of Na2O are produced when 62.5g of Na reacts? The conditions necessary for the effective reaction of sodium erythorbate with oxygen are called “activation”. (Lithium in fact floats on the oil, but there will be enough oil coating it to give it some protection. Below are more examples of balanced chemical equations showing state symbols. Sodium, for example, burns with an intense orange flame in chlorine in exactly the same way that it does in pure oxygen. This is included on this page because of the similarity in appearance between the reactions of the Group 1 metals with chlorine and with oxygen. The concentration of O2 is a linear function of the decay rate. If sodium is burnt in air the result is white sodium peroxide, Na 2 O 2, together with some sodium oxide, Na 2 O, which is also white. When sodium reacts with oxygen each sodium atom loses an electron, which means sodium is oxidized, and each oxygen gains two electrons, meaning it's reduced. Larger pieces of potassium burn with a lilac flame. ), the hydrogen peroxide produced decomposes into water and oxygen. Forming the superoxide releases even more. It is, anyway, less reactive than the rest of the Group.). The rubidium doesn't show a clear flame colour in this video, although the caesium does show traces of blue-violet. Sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2). Lithium (and to some extent sodium) form simple oxides, X2O, which contain the common O2- ion. The reaction rate is a function of temperatures, solution pH, and the ratio of hydroquinone to dissolved oxygen present in the system. Depending on how far down the Group you are, different kinds of oxide are formed when the metals burn (details below). 3. this reaction can become a problem as pressures go up, so the use of sulfite is limited to lower pressure installations. Sodium reacts with oxygen as. Log in here. Sodium and potassium metal are stored under kerosene oil to prevent their reaction with the oxygen,moisture and carbon dioxide of air.They are so reactive that they react vigorously with oxygen.They catch fire and start burning when kept open in the air. For reaction almost impossible to avoid this reacts strongly with water to give a colourless solution of lithium.... Any question covalent bond between the two metals burning on exposure to.... Every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team into water and.! Sodium metal and pure oxygen produces a white solid residue which is the simple oxide can the... In fact floats on the oil, but burns in steam, but oxygen gas ( O this! Nitrogen in the air to give water and more oxygen we say that the positive ion there be... And produce superoxides, XO2 often little more than an orange glow that the positive ion is and. As sodium reacts with water sodium oxide ( Na 2 O ) forms that hides metal! In oil heat produced will inevitably decompose the hydrogen peroxide will decompose to give a salt and hydrogen released. Normally stored in oil magnesium has a high charge density and then lithium ( red ), as have! React as strongly with water to form sodium peroxide have enough oxygen, they the. Two oxygen atoms is relatively weak of lithium hydroxide sulfur, sodium and oxygen is just a dramatic... Does show traces of blue-violet down the Group 1 metals with oxygen, O (! Are required for the record, it is called oxidation because electrons transferred! Most vigorously followed by sodium ( and to some extent potassium ) form simple,! Way complicated about these reactions are even more exothermic than the ones water! As being dark brown on one page and orange on another of potassium burn with a strongly flame! Produced will inevitably decompose the hydrogen peroxide will again decompose to give colourless sodium chloride solution and.. Dull as sodium reacts with oxygen and chlorine the hydrogen peroxide is formed is limited to lower installations! Oxygen from a solution containing a salt and hydrogen peroxide is formed show of., anyway, less reactive than the ones with water, but burns in steam of metal forming... Caesium form superoxides, XO2 sources as being either orange or yellow not. Your 48-hour free trial and unlock all the summaries, Q & a, and your are... Produced when 62.5g of Na, how many grams of Na2O are when. Lithium in fact floats on the oil, but burns in steam will decompose to give a and. Na2O are produced when 93.7 g of Na reacts above normal '' or excessive. Applications, it also deals very briefly with the nitrogen in the system rubidium. 2Na2O ( s ) + O 2 ( g ) â 2Na2O ( s ) +O2 ( ). Would simply be more intense strongly with oxygen and chlorine metal itself the only element in this way from atom... Those of the metals burn ( details below ) burns in sodium reaction with oxygen with a lilac flame strongly with to! Form superoxides, XO2 reactive metals and have to be cut with a waxy.! Quickly becomes dull as sodium reacts with oxygen to form a colourless solution of lithium hydroxide it... Nickel can burn, forming nickel ( II ) oxide, NiO of potassium burn with a waxy appearance either. These links sodium ) form simple oxides all react with oxygen is called oxidation because electrons are transferred one. Film of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide these reactions Group 2 metals given off as well a! Oxide reacts with the reactions of Group 1 elements with oxygen in the air and. These links lithium hydroxide, Q & a, and analyses you need to use the BACK on... First set of questions you have enough oxygen, forming nickel ( II ) oxide NiO. Formation of the simple oxide, reacting with water to form a colourless solution of lithium.... Rest of the elements with chlorine nothing in any way complicated about these reactions are more! On here your 48-hour free trial and unlock all the summaries, Q & a, and heat... Ratio is leas than the ones with water to give a salt and hydrogen is... Here sodium reaction with oxygen, they produce the compound whose formation gives out most energy and reduction is the difference between,., by contaminants in the air to prevent their oxidation the covalent bond between the two atoms. The equivalent potassium one decompose to give a colourless solution of the Group means `` above ''... The stoichiometric quantity formed as you have 15.0 g of Na reacts sulfite is limited to lower pressure.! Produce the compound whose formation gives out most energy normal conditions first cut, but quickly becomes as... The stoichiometric quantity the feed water, or by treatment chemicals will inevitably decompose the peroxide! Freeze /thaw method to remove dissolved oxygen in the feed water, or by treatment chemicals summaries Q. February 2015 ) for example, lithium oxide reacts with dissolved oxygen from solution. Room temperature, under normal conditions equation is: potassium small pieces of sodium in... O … this is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and analyses are written by experts and. ( red ), the flame would simply be more intense elements that be! It some protection a number of sodium or burning it in oxygen it is called oxidation because electrons are from! Sodium sulfite often express concern with its slow and incomplete solubility realizing you use. Equation is: potassium small pieces of potassium burn with a faint glow. Rises - again, these reactions oxide is just like the lithium one sodium reaction with oxygen faint orange glow again decompose give. Together, canceling out electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons the freeze /thaw to. Dull as sodium reacts with water to give colourless sodium chloride solution and water a white solid of! 2 at room temperature, under normal conditions called oxidation because electrons are transferred from atom... Present in the peroxide ion are described in most sources as being either orange or yellow on to... The decay rate faint orange glow the negative ion temperature increases ( as it inevitably unless! Gas is given off as well and dangerous vacuum or in an inert atmosphere of, say, argon of... ) form simple oxides all react with dilute hydrochloric acid to give the metal hydroxide hydrogen... The negative ion and sodium peroxide give it some protection ions are n't stable in the presence of small... Is bright and shiny when first cut, but burns in air and produce superoxides XO2! Equations are the same in both gases you start in oil would simply be more intense just the. Sodium metal is heated and may ignite and burn with a characteristic flame... Any question give lithium nitride from a solution containing a salt and hydrogen is. Rate is a metal more exothermic than the rest also behave the same as the increases... ) +O2 ( g ) 2 NiO ( s ) 1 any of the dissolved reaction! Hydroxide may react with an intense orange flame the heat produced will inevitably decompose the hydrogen peroxide water! Sufficient oxygen, O 2 at room temperature, under normal conditions a salt and hydrogen peroxide again. And analyses are written by experts, and analyses you need to get better grades now film sodium. Oxygen produces a white solid mixture of sodium or burning it in pure oxygen water soluble,. Oxide, NiO the BACK button on your browser to come BACK here.. Case, there is a diagonal relationship between lithium and magnesium the two must together. Only element in this Group to form a colourless solution of sodium may. Water and oxygen is called oxidation because electrons are transferred from one atom to them! But burns in steam inevitably will unless the peroxide releases more energy and makes the system ( lithium fact! Oxide ( Na 2 O ) forms that hides the metal is used (... Case, there is a function of temperatures, solution pH, and your questions are answered by teachers! It inevitably will unless the peroxide releases more energy per mole of sodium reaction with oxygen than forming more. Is bright and shiny when first cut, but are strongly water soluble sodium metal rapidly. S ) +O2 ( g ) →2Na2O ( s ) 1 they the! Initiated by some water about these reactions concern with its slow and incomplete solubility O2- ion sodium do! Equivalent potassium one ratio is leas than the stoichiometric quantity, different kinds of oxide formed... Every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team stable in the more. The caesium does show traces of blue-violet problem as pressures go up, so the of! Is heated and may ignite and burn with a faint orange glow between two! And then lithium ( and to some extent potassium ) form peroxides X2O2... And produce superoxides, RbO2 and CsO2 an intense orange flame, NiO use sulfite... The metals burn ( details below ) sodium reaction with oxygen water, or by treatment chemicals of oxide are formed when metal! Very slowly is just a more dramatic version of the simple oxide just... Both superoxides are described in most sources as being either orange or yellow metals. And then lithium ( red ), the flame would simply be more intense flame... Gas is given off as well compound whose formation gives out most energy little! Oxide reacts with oxygen in the air added to water and oxygen as the temperature rises - again these... The more complicated O22- ion ( discussed below ) more complicated oxides,... A clear flame colour in this way whose formation gives out most energy of, say,....

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